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991.
R. Uptmoor W. Wenzel K. Ayisi G. Donaldson A. Gehringer W. Friedt F. Ordon 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(5):532-534
In order to define the variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent [G(RP)] and its relation to yield, G(RP) of individual BC1 plants of two sorghum populations composed of a high‐yielding cultivar as recurrent parent (RP) and a donor with superior drought resistance or grain quality, respectively, was estimated using AFLPs and SSRs. G(RP) in BC1 ranged from 0.53 to 0.95 and averaged to 0.76 in the population (NP4453 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. G(RP) varied between 0.60 and 0.86 and averaged to 0.74 in the BC1 of (ICV‐219 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. Results show that plants with a G(RP) equivalent to BC2 (0.875) or BC3 (0.938), respectively, can be selected from BC1. Yield performance of BC1S1 families was tested in field trials carried out in South Africa. The correlation between yield and G(RP) in BC1 was low. Selection according to G(RP) did not result in an effective preselection for yield. 相似文献
992.
苗期干旱和施肥对棉花生长发育的影响 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12
以晋棉21号为试材,采用盆栽试验、大田仿真的方法,研究了棉花苗期水分干旱胁迫和施肥互作对棉花生长发育的影响。结果表明:①苗期干旱水分胁迫对控制棉花主茎生长速度、降低主茎高度、培育壮苗有明显作用;②棉花苗期水分干旱胁迫持续10~20 d,能有效减少6月份以前早期花蕾的脱落率,结果导致棉花群体吐絮高峰提前10 d左右,在施肥不足情况下,7月底以前形成的早期幼铃脱落率较高,但增加施肥具有降低脱落率的明显效果;③晋中为特早熟棉区,9月1-21日采收的棉花铃重、衣分和衣指相对较高,品质相对较好,通过苗期水分干旱胁迫与施肥技术的合理搭配,能使棉花吐絮高峰期集中在9月上、中旬,提高棉花优质铃比率,是晋中地区棉花高产优质栽培,充分发挥优质品种增产潜力的关键措施。 相似文献
993.
M.?K.?Dhillon H.?C.?SharmaEmail author B.?V.?S.?Reddy Ram?Singh J.?S.?Naresh Zhu?Kai 《Euphytica》2005,144(3):275-283
Summary The shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an important pest of sorghum, and host plant resistance is one of the most effective components for managing this pest.
Most of the hybrids grown in India based on milo cytoplasm (A1 cytoplasm) are highly susceptible to shoot fly. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to evaluate different male-sterile
cytoplasms (CMS) for their relative susceptibility to sorghum shoot fly. Oviposition and deadheart formation were significantly
lower on the maintainer lines as compared to the corresponding male-sterile lines. Among the cytoplasms tested, A4M cytoplasm showed antixenosis for oviposition and suffered lower deadheart formation than the other cytoplasms tested. The
A4G1 and A4M cytoplasms suffered lower deadhearts in tillers than the other cytoplasms. Recovery following shoot fly damage in A4M, A3, and A2 cytoplasms was better than in the other cytoplasms tested. The larval and pupal periods were longer and male and female pupal
weights lower in A4M and A4VzM CMS backgrounds compared to the other CMS systems. Fecundity and antibiosis indices on CMS lines were lower than on the
B-lines. The A4M cytoplasm was found to be relatively resistant to sorghum shoot fly, and can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant
hybrids for sustainable crop production in future. 相似文献
994.
X. Wang Y. Jacob S. Mastrantuono J. Bazzano R. Voisin D. Esmenjaud 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(1):79-83
The spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla was studied in the diploid species Rosa multiflora and R. indica. The host suitability of seven rose rootstocks, namely five R. multiflora (K2, K1, Floradale, CE63 and CE65) and two R. indica (CE35 and Maroc) clonal accessions, was evaluated using four geographic isolates of M. hapla. Plants grown under greenhouse conditions were tested at high and durable inoculum pressure of nematodes and rated for nematode infestation five months after inoculation on a 0–5 gall index. Different host suitabilities to M. hapla were demonstrated depending on the nematode isolates: in R. multiflora, the clone K2 had a resistant (R) response to all isolates; the clone K1 ranged from intermediate (I) (isolate ‘Canada’) to resistant (other isolates), Floradale was shown to be intermediate, whereas CE63 and CE65 were moderate to good hosts (H). In R. indica, both rootstocks were good to excellent hosts for the isolate Canada but resistant to all three other isolates, thus expressing an isolate‐specific resistance. A study on the genetics of resistance in R. multiflora to the M. hapla isolate Canada was then conducted using an incomplete diallel cross involving all previous clones except Floradale. A total of 120 hybrid individuals belonging to several progenies representing the cross combinations R × I, R × H, I × H and H × H were evaluated. Individuals of each progeny generally ranged into a monomodal distribution that suggests polygenic inheritance of resistance. In the family Rosaceae, the differences in the resistance genetics to the meiotic species M. hapla and to the mitotic species, M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are discussed in relation to the reproductive status of the nematodes. 相似文献
995.
Weijun Xu Sant S. Virmani Jose. E. Hernandez Leocadio S. Sebastian Edilberto D. Redoña Zhikang Li 《Euphytica》2002,127(1):139-148
Genetic diversity within and between the maintainer (B) and restorer (R) lines used in hybrid breeding programs of the Philippine
was investigated with information from analysis of pedigree record, quantitative traits and SSR assays. Mean coefficients
of coancestry were calculated as 0.11 within R lines, 0.27 within B lines, and 0.04 between R and B lines, indicating greater
diversity among R lines than among B lines, and the significant divergence between B and R lines. These results are consistent
with those obtained from quantitative trait analysis and SSR marker assays. Relative gene diversity for 37 random SSR markers
averaged 0.20 within B lines,0.28 within R lines, and 0.52 between two groups of lines. There were no consistent associations
among various genetic diversity measures. Random sets of SSR marker and pedigree based diversity measures had no significant
correlation with mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and biomass, indicating that prediction of heterosis for complex traits
based on these two genetic diversity estimates is difficult.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
996.
云南高原粳稻抗白叶枯病新品系云资抗21号的选育 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以高产优质的云南高原粳稻品种滇系4号为轮回亲本,以IRBB21为白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21的供体亲本,通过杂交和3次回交以及5次自交形成BC3F,代材料,并结合后代材料的白叶枯病抗性鉴定及农艺性状的评价选择,选育出高原粳稻新品系云资抗21号,对云资抗21号的21个单株采用与Xa21连锁标记RM21和RM229、以及22个独立分离的SSR标记进行检测,结果表明这21个单株在RM21位点上均为IRBB21的纯合基因型,在RM229位点上有1个单株显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型,其余的20个单株均为IRBB21的纯合基因型,而在其余22个SSR标记位点上均显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型。该新品系白叶枯病抗性与IRBB21相近,农艺性状与轮回亲本相似,具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
997.
998.
The Dynamic Change of Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activity in the Whole Procreative Process of the Tarim Island Cotton 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对塔里木海岛棉生育全程土壤微生物与酶活性的动态变化进行了检测,测试结果表明:(1)塔河种业高产海岛棉田土壤养分比塔河滩地高出6.58%~37.42%,特别是全钾、速效钾比塔河滩地高出29.02%~37.42%。(2)微生物数量变化呈现如下变化趋势:细菌类群在夏季有生长高峰,秋季略有回升;真菌在春季存在生长高峰,夏季处于低谷,秋季生物活性开始回升;放线菌生长高峰位于夏季,春秋季处于低谷。在土壤微生物区系构成中,细菌占据绝对优势,暗示土壤养分的转化主要靠细菌完成。(3)塔河种业高产海岛棉田土壤酶中的过氧化氢酶、 相似文献
999.
对三农问题和农村城市化问题的若干思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国是一个农业大国,农业经济状况在很大程度上决定了整体经济的发展态势。对中国当前农业发展现状中的主要问题进行分析,认为只有积极进行城市化建设才能解决中国农业发展的根本问题,同时,就中国城市化的路径选择与城市化发展的中短期目标提出自己的看法。 相似文献
1000.
快速工业化中,城镇化和工业化导致建设用地大量增加、耕地锐减,从而造成经济发展与用地的不协调。尝试通过对江苏省如东县近10年工业化发展与耕地变化的分析相关,厘清影响耕地变化的主导因素,从而有针对地提出耕地保护的有效对策。笔者主要应用定性与定量相结合的方法进行工业化与耕地变化相关性分析;应用霍夫曼系数来确定工业化阶段,应用单因素逐一回归分析耕地变化情况。研究结果表明,近10年如东县工业化处于加速发展阶段,耕地变化显著;导致耕地变化的主导因素主要是城市化和固定投资;应该通过集约节约用地、深挖用地潜力、协调城乡用地等方面进行耕地保护。 相似文献